Tuesday, July 26, 2016

互聯網是本地創傷支援的新天地嗎?


在公共醫有一班服使用者的背景、遭和需往往很容被忽略常常得不到應有的支與服務,就是童年創傷的倖 (survivors of childhood trauma)──創傷影的身心狀況,對醫與社之需要,但創傷倖者同時是社上被壓迫的一群心理創傷在專及公共領裡也得不到應有之重視和關注很多倖者更受盡誤解、污名和再度創傷(Cloitre, 2012; Courtois & Gold, 2009; Fung, 2016; Herman, 1992; Ross, 2000)。創傷倖者在醫與社裡較不容得到應有關注和恰務,一來因創傷倖者之專同工不足二來因的創傷治不足三來因上充著很多對於創傷後心理狀之誤解四來因者自身之獨況(如較難相人、人際關較不穩定、易被標為「borderline」或「treatment-resistant」、外顯症較複、傾向隱的創傷經和症狀)。因此,一班同道者與筆者常在想在有限的資與重重困之中才能早日填service gap為這一班倖者提適切的支

不知道,網上支務,真的是一個可行方

,一些臨床研也曾探網路為本(web-based)之成效。一個研曾嘗線上社區(online communities)能有助病人堅用藥卻得不到正面結(Koufopoulos, Conner, Gardner, & Kellar, 2016)。另一個研探用隨機對照試驗模式,先發一套網路為本的自我幫介入(web-based self-help intervention) 並提予參與者這能顯著改和焦(van Straten, Cuijpers, & Smits, 2008)。此外一個在智利的研建立了一個名為Ascenso的網上監與支(online Program for Monitoring and Supporting)是抑症患者報告顯參與者對這個計有不俗之接與滿(Espinosa et al., 2016)。一個回報告亦支與電為本介入對於治psychosis之可行性(Alvarez-Jimenez et al., 2014)。至創傷後心理障的網介入研對較一個隨機對照臨床試驗研探討網路為本的治對創傷後壓(PTSD)患者之成效網路介入也有顯著之成效(Knaevelsrud & Maercker, 2007)

確,網路支之運作成本低而且便利、可達度高、私隱度高。在本港尚未有專門、現場創傷與解離服之前網路支也是一個值的方向。網路為本服的潛能和也不少互聯網提心理教、自我評估測、資、自我幫教學、ICT-enhanced務,甚或發一個網路為本的病人互助小組、病人支也未嘗不可,而 ICT-enhanced organization development / ICT-enhanced community work (e.g., 借用資訊科技與互聯網,成立網路為本社區組織,提供支援之餘,集結並動員服務使用者,致力於改善社會,如增加大眾對創傷之認識、爭取倖存者權益等等,同時也有充權、互助之效)也可能是一個新方向。


References

Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Alcazar-Corcoles, M., Gonzalez-Blanch, C., Bendall, S., McGorry, P., & Gleeson, J. (2014). Online, social media and mobile technologies for psychosis treatment: a systematic review on novel user-led interventions. Schizophrenia research, 156(1), 96-106.
Cloitre, M., Courtois, C.A., Ford, J.D., Green, B.L., Alexander, P., Briere, J., Herman, J.L., Lanius, R., Stolbach, B.C., Spinazzola, J., van der Kolk, B.A., & van der Hart, O. (2012). The ISTSS Expert Consensus Treatment Guidelines for Complex PTSD in Adults. [http://www.istss.org/ISTSS_Main/media/Documents/ComplexPTSD.pdf].
Courtois, C. A., & Gold, S. N. (2009). The need for inclusion of psychological trauma in the professional curriculum: A call to action. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 1(1), 3.
Espinosa, H. D., Carrasco, Á., Moessner, M., Cáceres, C., Gloger, S., Rojas, G., . . . Krause, M. (2016). Acceptability Study of “Ascenso”: An Online Program for Monitoring and Supporting Patients with Depression in Chile. Telemedicine and e-Health.
Fung, A. H. W. (2016). Trauma, dissociation and mental health service in Hong Kong (in Chinese: 創傷、解離與香港精神健康服務). 香港獨立媒體網. Retrieved from http://www.inmediahk.net/node/1042252
Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books.
Knaevelsrud, C., & Maercker, A. (2007). Internet-based treatment for PTSD reduces distress and facilitates the development of a strong therapeutic alliance: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC psychiatry, 7(1), 1.
Koufopoulos, J. T., Conner, M. T., Gardner, P. H., & Kellar, I. (2016). A Web-Based and Mobile Health Social Support Intervention to Promote Adherence to Inhaled Asthma Medications: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(6).
Ross, C. A. (2000). The trauma model: A solution to the problem of comorbidity in psychiatry. Richardson, TX: Manitou Communications.
van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P., & Smits, N. (2008). Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 10(1), e7.


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